PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.